Embryology & Developmental Malformations
What You'll Learn
Primary → Secondary Vesicles → Adult Structures
| Primary Vesicle |
Secondary Vesicle |
Adult Derivative |
Cavity |
| Prosencephalon (forebrain) |
Telencephalon |
Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, amygdala |
Lateral ventricles |
| Diencephalon |
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, globus pallidus, retina, optic nerve |
Third ventricle |
| Mesencephalon (midbrain) |
Mesencephalon |
Midbrain (tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles) |
Cerebral aqueduct |
| Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) |
Metencephalon |
Pons, cerebellum |
Upper 4th ventricle |
| Myelencephalon |
Medulla oblongata |
Lower 4th ventricle |
Overview
| Category |
Neural Crest Derivatives |
| PNS neurons |
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, autonomic ganglia (sympathetic + parasympathetic), enteric ganglia |
| PNS glia |
Schwann cells, satellite cells |
| Cranial nerve ganglia |
Sensory ganglia of CN V, VII, IX, X are mixed placode/neural crest derivation; CN VIII (spiral + vestibular ganglia) is otic placode-derived, NOT neural crest |
| Endocrine / Adrenal |
Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla), parafollicular C cells (thyroid), carotid body type I cells |
| Meninges |
Substantial neural crest contribution to craniofacial/anterior cranial leptomeninges (pia + arachnoid); mesoderm contributes much of the posterior cranial and spinal meninges, including most of the dura — meningeal origin is mixed |
| Connective tissue |
Craniofacial bone/cartilage, odontoblasts, corneal stroma |
| Pigment cells |
Melanocytes |
| Smooth muscle |
Aorticopulmonary septum, branchial arch vessels |
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